What Is Going On?
"Waiting for summer? I'm still waiting for 
spring!" my wife mumbled. A lot of mumbling & grumbling lately. In 
fact I can't hear you right now because I've gotten a non-stop earful.
I honestly can't remember a faux-spring so depressing.
It's green, the drought is history, there's water in the lakes!
"Shut it Paul".
Why? Proving cause and effect is tricky, but I 
still think this tortured weather pattern may be linked to record 
melting in the Arctic last fall - which seems to have thrown the jet 
stream out of alignment. A 2012 research paper by Francis & Vavrus 
shows a 14 percent drop in the speed of upper level winds since 1979 as 
far northern latitudes warm up the fastest. is this sparking 
"amplification", big north/south swings, with weather systems moving 
much slower, magnifying the potential for flood drought? It's a theory, 
but it underscores my sense that we're in uncharted waters.
Climate change is flavoring all weather now.
Clouds and sprinkles linger today, lukewarm sun 
Friday and the first half of Saturday. Showers and T-storms arrive late 
Saturday and spill over into Sunday. I find that shocking.
Long-range models still hint at a real warm front (90+ F hot front?) in about 7-9 days.
* image above: Brad Birkholz.
The First Tropical Storm Of The Season, And "Hurricane Apathy".
 The last major hurricane to strike the USA? Wilma, back in 2005. We are
 long overdue for a major strike, and I have a hunch this is going to be
 a very busy year for hurricanes in the Atlantic basin. Details in 
Climate Matters: 
"
WeatherNationTV Chief Meteorologist looks at Andrea the first storm of 
the 2013 Atlantic Hurricane Season. More details on hurricane apathy and
 the storm that got him interested in meteorology."
 
* 
First Tropical Storm of the 2013 season (Andrea). 40 mph sustained winds may strengthen to 50-55 mph before landfall over Florida's Big Bend Thursday afternoon.
* 
Tropical Storm Warning Gulf Coast of Florida, Tropical Storm Watch coastal Georgia and Carolinas.
* 
Greatest risk from Andrea is inland flooding;  
greatest potential for urban/river flooding Tampa to Panama City and  
Destin, then inland over Georgia and Appalachian communities from  
Chattanooga to Asheville, Roanoke, Hagerstown, Altoona and State  
College, where some 4-6" rainfall amounts are possible by Friday night.
* 
3-4 foot storm surge predicted for Clearwater Beach by late morning Thursday, capable of minor to moderate coastal flooding and beach erosion.
* 
3 foot storm surge in Lower Manhattan (Battery) by Friday evening as a weakened Andrea accelerates right up the coast.
Landfall.  Andrea may strengthen further before 
reaching the lightly populated Big  Bend coast of Florida, well north of
 Tampa. Tropical storm force (40-50  mph) winds will extend inland to 
Ocala, Gainesville and Tallahassee  tomorrow, capable of minor damage. 
Map above: Ham Weather.
Model Agreement.  All the models we examine at 
Alerts Broadcaster show strong continuity,  with landfall near Crystal 
River or Cedar Key. Andrea is meandering  along at 3-5 mph, but 
prevailing steering winds will pick up the storm  and accelerate it up 
the East Coast, which will help to avoid a  worst-case rainfall scenario
 for the Mid Atlantic Region and New  England. Model guidance: NHC and 
Ham Weather.
Current Watches/Warnings.  NOAA has issued Flash 
Flood Watches for central and northern Florida,  as well as 
southern/eastern Georgia and coastal South Carolina. I expect  Flash 
Flood Watches and Flood Warnings to be issued farther inland,  across 
much of the Southeast, tomorrow. Map: Alerts Broadcaster.
Storm Surge Outlook At Clearwater Beach, Florida.  A
 peak surge of 3.5 to 4 feet at Clearwater Beach late morning  Thursday,
 coinciding with high tide, will create minor to moderate  coastal 
flooding and some lowland inundation.
Latest Rainfall Predictions.  It appears the 
greatest potential for inland flooding (urban and river)  is from 
Florida's Panhandle into much of western and northern Georgia  
(including metro Atlanta) to Chattanooga, Asheville and the Shenandoah  
Valley of Virginia (including Roanoke and Lynchburg). Some 5" rainfall  
amounts falling in less than 24-30 hours will lead to flooding of poor  
drainage areas, and some smaller rivers will spill out of their banks.  
Tropical moisture interacting with the Appalachians will create locally 
 heavier amounts, and I can't rule out mudslides and power outages at 
the  height of the storm Thursday night and Friday. Map above: Weather 
Bell.
Northeast: Biggest Soakings Inland.  Models show 
continuity keeping the plume of heaviest rain inland, with  lesser 
amounts near the heavily populated urban core from D.C. to  
Philadelphia, New York and Boston. Some 4-5"+ amounts from Hagerstown  
and Altoona to State College and Wilkes-Barre will result in flash  
flooding. Facilities that often experience flood-related problems should
  be on high alert; heaviest rains coming Friday midday into early  
Saturday. This will be a short-duration "burst" of very heavy rain as  
Andrea accelerates northeastward. Map: Weather Bell.
Timing Andrea.  The ECMWF solution above shows 
landfall by Thursday evening over  Florida's Big Bend, the center of a 
weakening tropical storm near  Wilmington, North Carolina by midday 
Friday. The center of the storm  passes closer to New York City by 
Friday evening (heaviest rains late  afternoon into the overnight hours 
Friday), and then the remains of  Andrea push rapidly northeast, already
 off the coast of Portland, Maine  by midday Saturday. Maps above: WSI.
Minor Flooding For Metro New York.  SLOSH models 
show a 3 to 3.5 foot surge at Manhattan's Battery Friday  evening, at 
the height of the storm. Winds in New York City may reach  30-35 mph 
with very heavy rain falling over a 6-12 hour period late  Friday and 
Friday night.
Let me say this again:  warm sea surface temperatures, a lack of El 
Nino shearing winds over the  tropics, and a persistently negative NAO 
(North Atlantic Oscillation)  all point to a 
much busier than average hurricane
 season. With a negative NAO the  Bermuda High tends to set up much 
closer to Florida, nudging Atlantic  storms closer to the USA. The fact 
that we're seeing a tropical storm in  early June may be a strong signal
 of an active 2013 hurricane season to  come. 
The last major hurricane to strike the USA was Wilma in 2005. We are long overdue for a Category 3+ landfall. The Boy Scouts have it right: "be prepared".
Summary:  Andrea continues to strengthen (slowly) 
and reaches Florida's Gulf  Coast as a moderate tropical storm Thursday 
afternoon or evening. As  we've been saying for a week now inland 
flooding poses the greatest risk  from this storm, especially over the 
hilly terrain of the southeast  from northern Georgia to Asheville. 
Minor to moderate coastal flooding  is expected in the 
Tampa/Clearwater/St. Petersburg market Thursday, a  minor storm surge 
from Savannah and Hilton Head to Charleston and the  Outer Banks. New 
York Harbor and Long Island Sound will experience minor  flooding with a
 3 foot storm surge by Friday evening.
Some  people minimize tropical depressions and tropical storms, but 
this can  be a dangerous oversight. Some of our worst inland floods have
 been  sparked by dying, slow-moving tropical storms interacting with  
mountainous terrain, which accelerates rainfall amounts and the  
potential for serious flooding. Andrea should move quickly enough to  
avoid severe or historic flooding, but I anticipate widespread flash  
flooding from the Panhandle of Florida across Georgia and the western  
Carolinas, with swollen rivers and urban flooding possible into Maryland
  and interior Pennsylvania by Friday afternoon. Minor flooding from 1"+
  rains may slow traffic (land and air) from D.C. to New York and Boston
  Friday PM into Saturday, with conditions rapidly improving along the  
eastern seaboard by Sunday.

 
A Warm Light At The End Of Our (crummy) Tunnel?
 I sure hope so. I know we keep pushing back the warm air; Mother Nature
 teases us with a possible warm front, only to have the warmth evaporate
 and pass well south of Minnesota. Is next week's ECMWF prediction of 
70s and 80s real? I suspect so - but I'm not holding my breath just yet.
 I also wanted to highlight Sunday as the wetter day of the weekend, the
 best chance of rain morning hours.
A Hot Front Next Weekend? We're
 due, and the ECMWF (European) model shows a prod of hot air surging 
across the Rockies and Plains 8 days from now, possible setting the 
stage for shorts and sunglasses the weekend of June 15-16. Wouldn't that
 be nice.
Serious Weather Whiplash. Oh to be a barge operator 
on the Mississippi. As recently as February barge traffic was slowed and
 re-routed, due to record low water levels on the Mississippi River. Now
 we've swung 180 degrees to severe flooding, most recently shutting down
 barge traffic around St. Louis. Details from Climate Central:
Tracking Andrea. The NAM model shows landfall over 
the Florida Panhandle later today, the storm accelerating northeastward,
 soaking a wide swath of the East Coast from tonight into Saturday 
night. Loop: NOAA.
A 'Tornado Sense' Could Save Your Life
By Eric Waage, Hennepin County Emergency Management Director
Guest Post.
 From time to time I include longer-form narratives from people I know 
(and trust). I still worry about tornado-apathy and warning-fatigue in 
the Twin Cities metro area, a sense "it can't happen here" is still 
pretty prevalent. The last EF-4 tornadoes were 1965 in the immediate 
metro; since then the population has nearly tripled, so has the size of 
the metro. What was farmland 10-20 years ago is now subdivisions; when 
the next big tornado does touch down the damage will be extensive. 
Here's a guest post from Eric Waage, Hennepin County Emergency 
Management Director.
"The deadly start to the 2013 tornado season is a
 wake-up to all of us who live in tornado prone states. It also is a 
call to develop a strong tornado sense. Weather awareness and 
preparation for the worst doesn’t cost money or take much time.  But
 tornado sense can increase your odds of survival. Tornado sense can 
save your life and the lives of loved ones, friends, workmates and 
employees.
Dedicate 10 minutes each spring to prepare your mind for another tornado season.  Then,
 take one minute each month to mentally practice the actions you would 
take, at home, at work or at school, if a tornado hit. Finally, take a 
few seconds each day to be aware of the weather conditions and your 
surroundings. If you read this entire article, you are well on your way 
to becoming someone who will make the best decisions possible under a 
tornado threat.
Tornado sense has five parts:
* Be aware of weather conditions.
* The best
 survival stories are the ones you’ll never see in the paper, such as: 
“Family saved by deferring boat trip due to severe weather forecast.”
* Check 
forecasts daily during tornado season (May-August), and be prepared to 
adjust your plans. If even a small chance of thunderstorms is forecast 
for your area, check updated weather forecasts several more times during
 the day. Free resources for weather information include the Twin Cities
 National Weather Service at 
www.crh.noaa.gov/mpx,
 the continuous weather stream on TPT WX television (KTCA Digital 2.4 
and via select cable providers) and some radio and TV stations.
 
* When thunderstorms start to pop up, check their movement on radar frequently.  See
 if the storm is becoming violent on its way to your location by 
checking nearby counties for severe thunderstorm and tornado warnings. 
Staying connected with the weather situation will prevent dangerous 
surprises.
* Know your location. As you listen to reports of tornado movement, knowing your location can save your life.
Understanding forecasts and reading radar 
requires knowledge of basic geography. Cities are generally the smallest
 areas used for severe weather warnings. More commonly, forecasters will
 narrow warnings only to the county level. It is simply not possible to 
name individual neighborhoods, schools, stores and golf courses that are
 at risk.
As you travel your region for work, shopping or 
recreation, read the signs along the road so you know when you have 
passed into another city or county.  Do this often enough and you will develop a sense about where you are at all times.
It is also important to be able to identify where you are on a map.  Use a highway map to locate the places where you and your loved ones live, work and frequent.  You
 should become able to identify your location on a radar map just by 
seeing your county’s shape. Radar maps often only show county 
boundaries, large cities and sometimes major highways. Learn city and 
county names, and learn how to place locations within county boundaries.
Understand warnings.
A tornado warning is actually the last stretch 
of a long trail of clues that should prepare you for action. A tornado 
sense mindset means that you are forewarned and ready to act. Most 
killer tornado conditions are forecast days in advance and should come 
as no surprise. A few days in advance of when severe weather is 
expected, the National Weather Service issues a large-scale and very 
general Hazardous Weather Outlook. Several hours in advance of the 
expected violent weather they will issue a watch, narrowed down to 
county level. A watch means that weather conditions seem right for the 
development of tornadoes. This is your last notification to be ready to 
act if you hear a warning.
When tornadoes are seen by trained spotters or 
by radar, then a tornado Warning is issued for specific areas. A warning
 usually offers about 10 minutes’ notice before a tornado, but it can be
 much less time. When a warning is sounded for your area, you must take 
immediate action.
If you are outside you may hear sirens, if they are installed in your area. Outdoor
 warning sirens sound for three minutes in a steady tone during a 
warning. All metro area counties sound sirens for tornado warnings.  Most
 also sound their sirens when straight line winds approach hurricane 
force at 70 mph or more. Know your county’s siren policy, as well as 
those of the counties you frequent.
There are many other warning methods.  Among the very best warning tools is a NOAA Weather Radio that constantly monitors for broadcast warnings.
Local television stations will usually provide weather captions on their screens.  Only
 a few radio stations provide weather warning services; many broadcast 
automated programming and are managed elsewhere. WCCO AM (830) and 
Minnesota Public
Radio network (FM 91.1 and many others) are 
among those who reliably broadcast weather warnings. Several, free or 
low cost smart phone apps will alert you to severe weather. Learn more 
at 
www.weather.gov/subscribe.
 People with qualifying mobile phones can get automatic calls from the 
National Weather Service when a tornado warning is issued. 
Many digital commercial billboards also will provide tornado warnings in the Twin Cities area.
Choose good shelter. Despite 
our technological advances, it is your shelter choice that most 
determines your survival. Experience tells us that you should be in a 
small, windowless interior room on the lowest level of a structure for 
the best shot at survival. Know where these spots are located in your 
home, workplace, school and other places. If you are in unfamiliar 
surroundings during a tornado risk day, look around for places that 
might offer good shelter.  Cars, 
boats and mobile homes are not good shelter. Sometimes, there will be no
 good alternative for shelter, and that’s where tornado sense could have
 kept you out of a dangerous situation.
Accept the facts. To develop a tornado sense mindset also requires a reality check. Know this:
* Adequate warning is there for those who listen.  In almost every case of a killer tornado, there were days of indications, hours of alert time, and many minutes of warning.
* Outdoor 
warning sirens are not ‘always going off.’ Monthly tests plus the annual
 average of just over one siren activation for storms in Hennepin 
County, adds up only 27 minutes a year.
* Finally,
 there is not a single spot in Minnesota where a tornado cannot hit. 
Weather that spawns tornadoes rises miles into the sky and releases huge
 amounts of energy. These forces are far too big to be directed by a 
river valley, hilly terrain, hot pavement or tall skyscrapers. 
Thunderstorms produce many deadly hazards in addition to tornadoes 
(lightning, hail, extreme winds, flooding).
If you have a healthy tornado sense mindset, you and your loved ones will be well-prepared to weather any storm."
 
Infrared Light Reveals Tornado's Path. Here's a fascinating post about the May 20, 2013 Moore EF-5 from 
NASA: "
On
 May 20, 2013, central Oklahoma was devastated by a EF-5 tornado, the  
most severe on the enhanced Fujita scale. The Newcastle-Moore tornado  
killed at least 24 people, injured 377, and affected nearly 33,000 in  
some way. Early estimates suggest that more then $2 billion in damage  
was done to public and private property; at least 13,000 structures were
  destroyed or damaged. It was the deadliest tornado in the United 
States  since an EF-5 event killed 158 people in Joplin, Missouri, in 
2011. On June 2, 2013, the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and  
Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) on NASA’s Terra satellite observed the  
scar of that tornado on the Oklahoma landscape. In this false-color  
image, infrared, red, and green wavelengths of light have been combined 
 to better distinguish between water, vegetation, bare ground, and human
  developments. Water is blue. Buildings and paved surfaces are 
blue-gray.  Vegetation is red. The tornado track appears as a beige 
stripe running  west to east across this image; the color reveals the 
lack of vegetation  in the wake of the storm..."
Second Deadly Tornado That Hit Oklahoma Upgraded To Rare EF5; 2.6 Mile Width Widest Ever Recorded. Here's a clip from a 
Star Tribune summary: "...
The
  update means the Oklahoma City area has seen two of the extremely  
rare  EF5 tornadoes in only 11 days. The other hit Moore, a city about  
25  miles away from El Reno, on May 20, killing 24 people and causing   
widespread damage. But Friday's massive tornado avoided the highly  
populated  areas near and around Oklahoma City, and forecasters said  
that likely  saved lives. When the winds were at their most powerful, no
  structures  were nearby, said Rick Smith, chief warning coordination  
meteorologist  for the weather service's office in Norman. "Any house  
would have been completely swept clean on the  foundation. That's just  
my speculation," Smith said. "We're looking at  extremes ... in the rare
  EF5 category. This in the super rare category  because we don't deal  
with things like this often..."
Photo credit above: "
A storm develops just before it  
produced a  tornado near El Reno Okla. just south of Interstate 40 on  
Friday May  31, 2013. Several tornadoes in the area caused damage and  
injuries." Photo: Chris Machian, ASSOCIATED PRESS.
El Reno EF-5: A Game-Changing Tornado? I can't  
remember a tornado that had the entire nation talking, arguing and  
debating. Friday night's monster multi-vortex tornado threw a spotlight 
 on local TV meteorologists, and the words they choose to communicate  
risk. Is there ever a good time to encourage viewers to leave their  
homes and hit the streets? Probably not. And the 296 mph estimated wind 
 speed came not from tracking damage and debris, but from a local 
Doppler  radar on the scene. I've never heard of an EF-estimate based on
 Doppler  vs. damage. Today's edition of 
Climate Matters focuses on the El Reno tornado, and the mechanics and physics behind tornadogenesis.
El Reno - Union City Tornado Widest On Record. More remarkable details, maps and videos focused on Friday evening's monster from 
kfor.com; here's an excerpt: "
The
  National Weather Service has just upgraded the May 31 El Reno,  Union 
 City tornado to an EF-5 with a width of 2.6 miles wide, making it  the 
 widest tornado ever documented. EF-5 is the highest possible rating for
  tornadoes on the Enhanced Fujita scale. The upgrade was based on  
information from OU RaxPol Doppler data or  mobile radar data, that  
measured low level winds of 296 miles per hour. The National Weather  
Service said some of the subvortices had a forward movement of up to 180
  miles per hour. This tornado is double the width of the May 20 tornado in Moore, Oklahoma.
  The F-4 Wilber-Hallam, Nebraska, tornado May 22, 2004 was the  
previous  record holder for the widest tornado on record at 2.5 miles  
wide..."
Oklahoma Storms: Amateur Storm Chaser Took Photo Of Tornado That Killed Him. Morbid? Yes, but everyone needs to grasp the inherent dangers of chasing tornadoes. Here's an excerpt from 
newsok.com: "
From
  his pickup, amateur  storm chaser Richard Charles Henderson took a  
cellphone photo of the  first tornado Friday and excitedly sent it to a 
 friend. Minutes later, that tornado would kill him. “That was the end 
of  his life right there,” said the friend, George “Sonny” Slay. “He 
said,  ‘I'm having fun,'” Slay recalled Monday. “He told me he was  
riding  around … chasing the storms …. I said, ‘You better quit that!' 
“And,  then, I guess he was en route to the position that he got in  
because he  said, ‘There goes Channel 9!' He said, ‘You might even see 
me  on TV.'  And, then a few seconds later, he said, ‘Oop, there's 
Channel  5!'”
Photo credit above: "
Amateur tornado chaser Richard  
Charles Henderson sent this cellphone  photo of a tornado to a friend  
minutes before the tornado killed him.  The friend, George "Sonny" Slay,
  provided the photo to The Oklahoman."
"
Get As Low As You Can And Put As Many Walls As You Can Between You And The Tornado."
  Possibly the best advice anyone can give in the wake of two EF-5  
tornadoes in 11 days in Oklahoma. Here's an excerpt from a great Harold 
 Brooks NSSL guest post at 
Living In The Real World: "
...Occasionally,
  someone strays from this basic messaging, potentially  causing  
problems. Many in the tornado safety community are concerned  about an  
inappropriate message that seems to have become very popular  recently, 
 but that differs significantly from the basic safety idea.  Some  
broadcast meteorologists have offered the advice that “if you don’t  get
  underground, you won’t survive.” Sometimes, it’s couched in terms  of 
 “this tornado is so severe, the usual advice doesn’t work” or “you   
can’t survive an EF5 above ground.” The message suggests that even   
in-residence shelters built to the design specifications of the Texas   
Tech wind engineering groups and the FEMA standards won’t survive. This 
 advice is wrong and providing it is irresponsible at best, and   
dangerous at worst. As a factual statement, claiming that EF5 tornadoes 
  can’t be survived above ground is wrong. After the 3 May 1999 tornado 
  that hit Moore, Oklahoma, survey work indicated that 1% of people who  were in houses that were rated F4 or F5 were killed, as reported by Hammer and Schmidlin..."
Photo credit above: "
People arrived at Fred and JoAnn  
Horn's home to help in their salvage efforts, Saturday, June 1, 2013 in 
 El Reno,  Okla. . He is a retired state trooper and now serves as a  
deputy for  the Canadian County Sheriff's Department.  Their home was  
heavily  damaged in  Friday night's tornado. More than  two dozen family
  members, church friends and neighbors came to the  Horn's home  to 
help  recover items that can be saved." (AP Photo/The  Oklahoman, Jim Beckel)
RaXPol: Doppler Envy. I'd love to mount one of these
  on the top of my truck - not sure my wife would approve. Here's an  
excerpt of a fascinating post (and video) from Robin Tanamachi at 
tornatrix.net: "...
One
  might expect the entire truck to wobble with a giant antenna  swinging
  around on its bed. The engineers addressed that issue from the  design
  stages. As can be seen in the video clip, the entire truck  remains  
surprisingly static, even without the hydraulic levelers deployed.  
Seasick crew members will not be an issue. And as for the problem of  
“beam-smearing” (insufficient dwell time)  that might result from such a
  rapidly rotating antenna, the engineers  implemented a multi-frequency
  Tx/Rx system. Conventional Doppler radar  transmits pulses a single  
frequency, then “listens” for the echo of the  transmitted signal.  
Imagine someone striking a single piano key, then  listening for the  
echo of that note. In contrast, RaXPol transmits  consecutive pulses at 
 slightly different frequencies, then listens for  the returned signal  
from all of them simultaneously. In the piano  analogy, instead of  
striking only one key, you would sweep your fingers  over several keys, 
 then listen for the combined echoes of all the  different notes. Dr.  
Andy Pazmany explains in this presentation how this “frequency hopping” technique works..."
How Storm Chasers Have Made Tornado Alley Safer.  
I have no beef with storm chasers - they provide the "ground truth" that
  Doppler radar doesn't. They've saved countless lives in recent decades
  and contributed to a large and growing body of science. It's just 
gotten  a little out of control, to the point where there are SO 
MANY chasers  that it makes it safe for everyone, with traffic snarls 
that can make it  dangerous, even deadly for everyone else. There's no 
easy answer here,  but at least people are talking about this. In the 
end I hope cooler  heads and reason will prevail. Here's an excerpt of a
 post from Andrew  Revkin at 
The New York Times: "
Here’s a “Your Dot”
  contribution  exploring the surprising mix of factors — including data
  gathered by  storm-chasing scientists — that have steadily made  
America’s tornado hot  zone a safer place, despite the meteorological  
hazards that are a fact  of life there. The piece, building on the discussion that has followed the deaths of three storm chasers in a powerful Oklahoma tornado last Friday, is written by Mike Smith, an entrepreneurial (and blogging) meteorologist focused on extreme weather. Smith is also the author of “Warnings: The True Story of How Science Tamed the Weather,” an engaging history of how individuals fought institutional inertia to improve severe-weather warnings..."
Image credit above: "
This May 21, 2013 file aerial photo  
shows the remains of houses in  Moore, Okla., following a tornado the  
May 20, 2013 tornado. The Oklahoma  City area has seen two of the  
extremely rare EF5 tornadoes in only 11  days. The tornado that hit El  
Reno had a record-breaking width of 2.6 miles. The one in Moore, a city 
 about 25 miles away from El Reno, killed 24 people and caused 
widespread  damage." (AP Photo/Kim Johnson Flodin, File)
Storm Chasers: Rapidly Moving Targets. Here's a remarkable 
YouTube clip
  showing the relative motion of the El Reno EF-5 with storm chasers  
nearby - trying to stay out of the direct path. As the tornado occluded 
 and weakened it veered to the left (northeast), catching some offguard 
 with tragic consequences. When you watch the animation it looks like a 
 potentially deadly game of Frogger. Here's an explanation: 
An  
animation showing the approximate location of the El Reno tornado, with 
 chaser positions overlayed. Tornado path and size based on radar and  
path compiled by NWS. Chaser positions from Spotter Network."
Perspective. A 2+ mile wide tornado is unimaginable, but 
MAPfrappe.com
  has a tool that lets one superimpose a tornado track on any metro 
area.  Sometimes people don't get the message until/unless they see it 
in the  perspective of their hometown. The El Reno EF-5 would have 
touched down  near Wayzata, destroying major portions of Minnetonka, 
Hopkins, the  Inner Lakes and South Minneapolis before occluding and 
dying out over  downtown Minneapolis.
Tornado Spike. After a very slow start to the 2013  
tornado season a persistent southward dip to the jet stream has created a
  sudden flurry of tornadoes, with a disproportionate number of violent,
  EF-3+ tornadoes in the last 2 weeks. Graph: NOAA SPC.
Severe Storms Bring More "Weather Whiplash" to U.S. From
  flood to drought, back to flood, with a few EF-5 tornadoes thrown in  
for good measure. Residents of Oklahoma must be both traumatized and  
confused. Meteorologist Andrew Freedman has the story at 
Climate Central; here's a clip: "...
The
  extreme swings in precipitation may be connected, in part, to  climate
  change, since the atmosphere is now carrying more moisture than  it 
used  to due to warming air and ocean temperatures. Climate studies  
have  projected that precipitation extremes will become more frequent 
and   severe, and some studies have already found an increase in heavy precipitation events across the Northern Hemisphere and in North America, including in the Midwest. Other studies have found that climate change is increasing the odds for certain extreme rainfall and flooding events..."
Top 10 Cities At Risk From Hurricane Damage. Number one on the list: Miami. Here's an excerpt from 
CBS News: (MoneyWatch) "
Storm
  surge damage from a hurricane or tropical storm  can devastate a city,
  leaving destroyed homes, standing water and debris  in its wake, miles
  away from any coastline. This year, more than  4.2 million homes are 
at  risk from storm surge, which could cause more  than $1 trillion in  
damage, according to a recently released storm surge  report by  
CoreLogic, a property analysis and data firm. Vulnerability  is so  
widespread that more than 75 percent of major cities could be   
underwater after a major storm..."
Photo credit above: Shutterstock. "
The gem of Florida's  
long eastern coast faces -- not surprisingly -- the  greatest risk of  
damage, with 615,756 homes susceptible to flooding  caused by  
hurricanes. About 25 such storms have struck the city in the  past  
century. The city's location near the tip of Florida makes it  highly  
vulnerable."
Worrying "Hole" In The Sun Is The Biggest Spotted By NASA In Over A Year.
  We are rapidly approaching a peak in the sunspot cycle, and the  
potential for large, potentially damaging solar flares. Here's an  
excerpt from 
Huffington Post UK: "
A giant hole has been discovered in the Sun - and it's heading our way. The giant gaping coronal gap has been described by Nasa
  as "extensive", "rotating our way" and bigger than anything they have 
 seen in over a year. Not to worry though, the only effect it will have 
 on Earth is an increased chance of observing aurora, which is nice. As NASA explains: Coronal holes are the source of strong solar  
wind gusts that carry solar particles out to our magnetosphere and  
beyond. They appear darker in extreme ultraviolet light images (here, a 
  combination of three wavelengths of UV light) because there is just  
less  matter at the temperatures we are observing in..."
Negative NAO: Amazingly Persistent Pattern. A  
strongly negative North Atlantic Oscillation correlates with big  
north/south swings in the jet stream, frequent intrusions of Canadian  
air capable of spinning up flooding rains and tornadoes. Last year at  
this time the NAO was strongly positive, meaning powerful west to east  
winds, keeping cold air bottled up over Canada, resulting in record  
warmth. A strongly negative NAO also increases the potential for  
Atlantic hurricanes hitting the USA (with a Bermuda high closer to  
Florida - steering storms toward the Caribbean and Gulf).
What Is That Mystery Blob On Doppler? Skies were 
clear - this was not rain (or AP). But what else could it be? Cue the 
conspiracy theories - probably military-related "chaff". Here's a clip 
of a post at WAAY-TV 31's 
Tennessee Weather Blog: "...
But I have a best guess… I think it’s some new kind of yet-to-be unclassified military chaff.
   Chaff is basically consists of tiny, highly reflective particles  
(often aluminum) which are sprayed from aircraft or naval ships to defer
  missiles from their target by creating false returns on radar.  The  
product you’re looking at above is “reflectivity,” and it has high  
values (highly reflective to radar beam).. too high to be smoke, but  
about right for chaff..."
What Happened To Tank Man, China's Most Famous Tiananmen Square Protestor? Here's an excerpt of an interesting follow-up story at 
Quartz: "
A
 day after Chinese military killed at least hundreds, if not  thousands 
of demonstrators in Beijing in 1989, a wiry man in a white  shirt 
stepped in front of a line of moving tanks near Tiananmen Square  and 
become one of the most famous protesters of the 20th century. 
Twenty-four  years later, his identity is still a mystery. He is called 
simply Tank  Man. Today, on the anniversary of the crackdown, Chinese 
bloggers paid homage to him
 with imitations of the face-off. The  man blocked the path of the 
tanks, even as they gunned their engines.  He climbed onto the first 
tank, pounded on the hatchet, and appeared to  speak to the soldiers 
inside. When he stepped back down in front of the  tank, two men ran 
into the street and pulled him away. The confrontation  became one of 
the most enduring images of the pro-democracy,  anti-corruption protests
 that swept China that spring and summer..."
Photo credit above: "
A Chinese man blocks military tanks on Changan Avenue, near Tiananmen Square in Beijing, June 5 1989." AP Photo / Jeff Widener
WeatherNation TV Launches in Denver. KUSA-TV is one 
 of the premiere local TV news operations in the nation with a stellar  
reputation for journalism and quality reporting. They also happen to  
have an amazing team of meteorologists, with Kathy Sabine leading the  
charge. Speaking on behalf of the entire team - we're very proud to be  
working with the Channel 9 weather team to bring the most comprehensive 
 meteorological coverage to Denver and all of Colorado. Details from the
 
Denver Post.
61 F. high in St. Cloud Wednesday.
74 F. average high for June 5. Ha!
84 F. high on June 5, 2012.
.57" rain fell on the STC metro yesterday.
TODAY: Cool and gray, a few sprinkles. Winds: NE 10. High: 61
THURSDAY NIGHT: Partly to mostly cloudy, a touch of ground fog. Low: 48
FRIDAY: A rare sunshine sighting? Nicer the average. High: 70
SATURDAY: Better day of the weekend: AM sun, T-showers late. Wake-up: 55. High: 72
SUNDAY: Rain tapers, drier by late PM. Wake-up: 54. High: 67
MONDAY: Partly sunny, lukewarm. Wake-up: 51. High: 75
TUESDAY: Intervals of warm sun. Finally. Wake-up: 56. High: 74
WEDNESDAY: Isolated T-shower, some PM sun. Wake-up: 55. High: 73
* long range ECMWF guidance is hinting at 80s next weekend (June 15-16), even a shot at 90s. We'll see.
Climate Stories...
Intense T-Storms More Likely To Batter A Warming World.
 Although a tornado link is still tentative (and weak), there's little 
doubt that a warming atmosphere, with increasing water vapor, will 
provide more fuel to power severe local storms. Here's a clip from a 
story at 
The Daily Climate: "LONDON – 
More
 intense thunderstorms combined with damaging winds are  expected to 
occur because of climate change, according to speakers at  the seventh 
European Conference on Severe Storms being held in Helsinki,  Finland. 
But because thunderstorms are small in size on the scale of existing  
climate models it is not possible to tell whether they will also lead to
  more tornadoes and larger size hail – two of the most damaging 
problems  associated with severe storms. In a warmer world, increases in
 surface temperature and moisture  create conditions for more frequent –
 and intense – thunderstorms,  researchers say..."
Photo credit above: "
Storm clouds gather over New Mexico 
in 2012. Increases in surface  temperature and moisture will likely 
increase the intensity of  thunderstorms." Photo by 
Nicoló Ubalducci/flickr.
Failing Infrastructure Could Cost U.S. Businesses $1.2 Trillion By 2020. Some harrowing statistics from this article at 
Triple Pundit; here's an excerpt: ".....
If
 Thomas Edison were to come back today, he’d feel right at home  with 
America’s electrical system because not much has changed in the  past 
century…” Langford lamented, “…on the East Coast where the  electrical 
infrastructure was torn apart by Hurricane Sandy, they’re  replacing the
 old system with exactly the same thing…meanwhile China is  putting up 
power lines with only a 7 percent loss over 1200 miles.  Anybody know 
what our system’s loss is over 1200 miles? Eighty percent.”  As 
utilities prepare to build new power plants, how much money could  
consumers save in the long run if greater efficiency in our  
infrastructure reduced the number of power plants we use to merely make 
 up for transmission loss? Brian Pallasch, managing director of the 
American Society of Civil  Engineers also talked directly about expenses
 associated with our aging  infrastructure, warning that if we neglect 
it as we have, the costs will  fall on families to the tune of $3,000 
per year in lost time, lost  service, more repairs on cars that travel 
on pot-holed roads, “Americans  use two billion gallons of gasoline just
 sitting in traffic...”
Photo credit above: 
cumberlandregiontomorrow.org.
Climate Change Causing U.S. Wildfire Season To Last Longer, Congress Told. Congress yawns. But the data is the data; here's an excerpt from 
The Guardian: "
America's
 wildfire season lasts two months longer than it did 40  years ago and 
burns up twice as much land as it did in those earlier  days because of 
the hotter, drier conditions produced by climate change,
 the country's forest service chief told Congress on Tuesday. But  the 
forest service was forced to make sharp cuts to fire prevention  
programmes, and reduce the numbers of fire-fighters and engines because 
 of budget pressures, Thomas Tidwell, the chief of the United States  
Forest Service, told the Senate committee on energy and natural  
resources. "Hotter, drier, a longer fire season, and lot more  homes 
that we have to deal with," Tidwell told the Guardian following  his 
appearance. "We are going to continue to have large wildfires..."
Photo credit above: "
Americans have increasingly been 
building homes in the wilderness, often  in areas where fire had been 
part of the natural landscape." Photograph:  Reed Saxon/AP
"
There Have Been Just As Many Scientific Papers Predicting Cooling As Warming!" Wrong. Here's an excerpt from 
Skeptical Science: "
It is a recurring myth that global warming has stopped
   and the Earth has begun to cool.  This graphic summarizes data that  
 refutes a related myth that publications now supporting the scientific 
  consensus that the world is warming due to increased carbon dioxide 
were   predicting in the 1970s that the world would cool.  A survey of  
 peer-reviewed scientific papers from 1965 to 1979 by Peterson et al. (2008)
   shows that few papers predicted global cooling (7 in total), while   
significantly more papers (42 in total) predicted global warming.  (Also
   see the original figure from the paper)..."
Climate Change Keeping Early Birds From Getting Worms: Study. CTV News in Canada has the story; here's an excerpt: "
New
  research suggests that climate change is starting to keep early birds 
 from getting the worms. In a groundbreaking study that wouldn't have  
been possible even a few  years ago, scientist Kevin Fraser from York  
University in Toronto says  that shifting seasons due to global warming 
 have thrown the delicate  timing of bird nesting and food availability 
 out of whack. "Selection has favoured birds arriving at the perfect  
time, so they get  there right at the peak of insect food, the big flush
  of all different  kinds of insects we get in spring," said Fraser,  
whose paper is  published in the online journal PLOS One..."
Photo credit above: "
A magnolia warbler, one of the  
most-sought birds on the shores of Lake  Ontario this month. One of  
dozens of types of warblers to make  appearances in trees and bushes  
from Oshawa to Hamilton in May."
 
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